to investigate the root anatomy and hydraulic conductivity of wheat cultivars, including shiraz, bahar, pishtaz, sistan, and yavaros, a series of controlled environment (growth chamber) experiments were hydroponically conducted at university college of dublin (ucd), ireland in 2010. bahar, pishtaz and sistan cultivars were employed as tolerant to drought and shiraz and yavaros as sensitive. twe...

a hydroponic experiment was carried out to compare root anatomy and hydraulic conductivity of four barley cultivars including valfajr, karoon, afzal and zarjo under salt stress conditions. the results showed that under salt stress, the minimum diameter of vessels was observed in the peripheral metaxylem of seminal roots of valfajr cultivar and in adventitious roots; karoon with 19±3 µm had maxi...

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to compare root anatomy and hydraulic conductivity of four barley cultivars including Valfajr, Karoon, Afzal and Zarjo under salt stress conditions. The results showed that under salt stress, the minimum diameter of vessels was observed in the peripheral metaxylem of seminal roots of Valfajr cultivar and in adventitious roots; Karoon with 19±3 µm had maxi...

Maize develops a complex root system composed of embryonic and post-embryonic roots. Spatio-temporal differences in the formation of these root types imply specific functions during maize development. A comparative transcriptomic study of embryonic primary and seminal, and post-embryonic crown roots of the maize inbred line B73 by RNA sequencing along with anatomical studies were conducted earl...

In rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings, continuous white-light irradiation inhibited the growth of seminal roots but promoted the growth of crown roots. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of photoinhibition of seminal root growth. Photoinhibition occurred in the absence of nitrogen but increased with increasing nitrogen concentrations. In the presence of nitrogen, photoinhibition was correlate...

Seedling roots enable plant establishment. Their small phenotypes are measured routinely. Adult root systems are relevant to yield and efficiency, but phenotyping is challenging. Root length exceeds the volume of most pots. Field studies measure partial adult root systems through coring or use seedling roots as adult surrogates. Here, we phenotyped 79 diverse lines of the small grass model Brac...

Fe deficiency (-Fe) is a common abiotic stress that affects the root development of plants. Auxin and nitric oxide (NO) are key regulator of root growth under -Fe. However, the interactions between auxin and NO regulate root growth in response to Fe deficiency are complex and unclear. In this study, the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and NO levels in roots, and the responses of root growth in rice ...

The effect of Heterodera avenae infestation on early seminal and lateral root growth was examined in four oat genotypes differing in tolerance to H. avenae. Recently emerged seminal roots were inoculated with a range of H. avenae larval densities, then transferred a hydroponic system to remove the effect of later nematode penetration on root development. Intolerance to H. avenae was assessed in...

A number of recent writers have expressed scepticism about the viability of a specifically moral concept of obligation, and some of the considerations offered have been interesting and persuasive.1 This is a scepticism that has its roots in Nietzsche, even if he is mentioned only rather rarely in the debate. More proximately, the scepticism in question receives seminal expression in Elizabeth A...